Let be the set of all five digit numbers formed using . For example, is in while and are not in . Suppose that each element of has an equal chance of being chosen. Let be the conditional probability that an element chosen at random is a multiple of given that it is a multiple of . Then the value of is equal to
A five-digit number from is a multiple of iff its last digit is (since is not available). With fixed in the units place, the first four positions are filled by some four-element multiset drawn from .
Counting the arrangements for each multiset choice:
- :
- :
- :
- :
- :
Total multiples of : .
Multiples of end in or (since are unavailable).
End in : remove one and the ; pick three from for the first three positions. Arrangement counts: , total .
End in : remove one and the ; pick three from . Counts: , total .
Multiples of : . Hence and
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