The correct statement(s) regarding the periodic properties of elements is (are)
- A
(A) Second ionization enthalpy of carbon atom is less than that of boron atom.
- B
(B) Increasing order of ionic radii: Al Mg Na.
- C
(C) Under identical conditions, in solid state, the density of potassium metal is more than density of sodium metal.
- D
(D) The H-H bond is weaker than F-F bond.
(A) Second IE of C vs B. Removing the second electron from boron means pulling it from the stable 2s configuration of B (1s 2s), which requires extra energy. Removing the second electron from C (1s 2s 2p) takes it from a 2p orbital, which is easier. So IE(C) IE(B). Correct.
(B) Isoelectronic ionic radii. Al, Mg, Na all have the Ne configuration. As nuclear charge increases (Z = 11, 12, 13) the radius decreases, so Al Mg Na. Correct.
(C) Density of K vs Na. Although K has higher atomic mass, the increase in atomic volume from Na to K outpaces the mass increase, so density of K (0.86 g/cm) is actually less than density of Na (0.97 g/cm). Incorrect.
(D) H-H vs F-F bond strength. Bond dissociation energy of H-H is roughly 436 kJ/mol while F-F is only about 159 kJ/mol (weakened by lone-pair repulsion between the small F atoms). So H-H is stronger, not weaker. Incorrect.
Correct options are (A) and (B).
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