NEET UG · Biology

NEET UG Biology Syllabus 2026-2027

Complete official syllabus for NEET UG Biology with data-backed unit weightage, Class 11 vs Class 12 split, and links to practice on Fundamenthol.

Last updated: 2026-08-05T00:00:00+05:30

At a Glance

Total topics

149

Total concepts

Topic-wise Syllabus & Weightage

Unit 1

Diversity in Living World

12.22% weightage

Practice this topic

→Biological ClassificationClass 114.51%→Animal KingdomClass 114.32%→Plant KingdomClass 111.79%→The Living WorldClass 111.60%

Concepts (9)

What is living? Biodiversity, need for classification
Taxonomy and Systematics
Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy
Binomial nomenclature
Five kingdom classification
Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista, Fungi
Lichens, Viruses, Viroids
Classification of plants: Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms (features and examples)
Classification of animals: non-chordate up to phyla level; chordate up to classes level

Unit 2

Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants

9.03% weightage

Practice this topic

→Morphology of Flowering PlantsClass 114.61%→Anatomy of Flowering PlantsClass 112.82%→Structural Organisation in AnimalsClass 111.60%

Concepts (6)

Morphology and modifications
Tissues
Anatomy and functions of flowering plant parts: root, stem, leaf, inflorescence (cymose, racemose), flower, fruit, seed
Family: Malvaceae, Cruciferae, Leguminosae, Compositae, Graminae
Animal tissues
Morphology, anatomy, functions of insect systems (Frog): digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, reproductive

Unit 3

Cell Structure and Function

10.52% weightage

Practice this topic

→Cell-The Unit of LifeClass 113.85%→Biomolecules (Biology)Class 113.85%→Cell Cycle and Cell DivisionClass 112.82%

Concepts (10)

Cell theory, cell as basic unit of life
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure
Plant cell and animal cell
Cell envelope, membrane, wall
Cell organelles: endomembrane system (ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles), mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies
Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles
Nucleus: nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus
Biomolecules: structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
Enzymes: types, properties, action, classification, nomenclature
Cell division: cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and significance

Unit 4

Plant Physiology

6.30% weightage

Practice this topic

→Photosynthesis in Higher PlantsClass 112.35%→Plant Growth and DevelopmentClass 112.16%→Respiration in PlantsClass 111.79%

Concepts (17)

Photosynthesis: autotrophic nutrition, site, pigments (elementary)
Photochemical and biosynthetic phases
Cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation
Chemiosmotic hypothesis
Photorespiration, C3 and C4 pathways
Factors affecting photosynthesis
Respiration: gaseous exchange
Cellular respiration: glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle, ETS (aerobic)
Energy relations: ATP generated
Amphibolic pathways
Respiratory quotient
Plant growth and development: seed germination
Phases and growth rate
Conditions of growth
Differentiation, dedifferentiation, redifferentiation
Sequence of developmental process
Growth regulators: auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA

Unit 5

Human Physiology

12.13% weightage

Practice this topic

→Chemical Coordination and IntegrationClass 113.29%→Body Fluids and CirculationClass 112.26%→Neural Control and CoordinationClass 112.07%→Excretory Products and their EliminationClass 111.88%→Breathing and Exchange of GasesClass 111.60%→Locomotion and MovementClass 111.03%

Concepts (31)

Breathing and Respiration: respiratory organs, human respiratory system
Mechanism of breathing and regulation
Exchange and transport of gases, regulation of respiration
Respiratory volumes
Disorders: asthma, emphysema, occupational disorders
Body Fluids and Circulation: composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation
Composition and function of lymph
Human circulatory system, heart, blood vessels
Cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG, double circulation
Regulation of cardiac activity
Disorders: hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina, heart failure
Excretory Products and Elimination: modes (ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism)
Human excretory system: structure and function
Urine formation, osmoregulation
Regulation of kidney function: renin-angiotensin, ANF, ADH, diabetes insipidus
Role of other organs in excretion
Disorders: uraemia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis
Dialysis and artificial kidney
Locomotion and Movement: types (ciliary, flagellar, muscular)
Skeletal muscle: contractile proteins, muscle contraction
Skeletal system and functions
Joints
Disorders: myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout
Neural Control and Coordination: neuron and nerves
Nervous system: central, peripheral, visceral
Generation and conduction of nerve impulse
Chemical Coordination and Regulation: endocrine glands and hormones
Human endocrine system: hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads
Mechanism of hormone action (elementary)
Hormones as messengers and regulators
Hypo- and hyperactivity disorders: dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison's disease

Unit 6

Reproduction

9.21% weightage

Practice this topic

→Human ReproductionClass 123.85%→Sexual Reproduction in Flowering PlantsClass 123.10%→Reproductive HealthClass 122.26%

Concepts (20)

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants: flower structure
Development of male and female gametophytes
Pollination: types, agencies, examples
Outbreeding devices
Pollen-pistil interaction
Double fertilization
Post-fertilization events: endosperm and embryo development, seed and fruit formation
Special modes: apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony
Significance of seed and fruit formation
Human Reproduction: male and female reproductive systems
Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary
Gametogenesis: spermatogenesis, oogenesis
Menstrual cycle
Fertilisation, embryo development up to blastocyst, implantation
Pregnancy and placenta formation
Parturition, lactation (elementary)
Reproductive Health: need for reproductive health, prevention of STDs
Birth control: methods, contraception, MTP
Amniocentesis
Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies: IVF, ZIFT, GIFT

Unit 7

Genetics and Evolution

13.62% weightage

Practice this topic

→Molecular Basis of InheritanceClass 125.73%→Principles of Inheritance and VariationClass 125.45%→EvolutionClass 122.44%

Concepts (27)

Heredity and Variation: Mendelian inheritance
Deviations from Mendelism: incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles (blood groups), pleiotropy
Polygenic inheritance (elementary)
Chromosome theory of inheritance
Chromosomes and genes
Sex determination: humans, birds, honey bee
Linkage and crossing over
Sex-linked inheritance: haemophilia, colour blindness
Mendelian disorders: thalassemia
Chromosomal disorders: Down's syndrome, Turner's, Klinefelter's
Molecular Basis of Inheritance: search for genetic material, DNA as genetic material
Structure of DNA and RNA
DNA packaging, DNA replication
Central dogma, transcription
Genetic code, translation
Gene expression and regulation: Lac Operon
Genome and Human Genome Project
DNA fingerprinting, protein biosynthesis
Evolution: origin of life
Biological evolution and evidences (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology, molecular)
Darwin's contribution, Modern Synthetic Theory
Mechanism of evolution: variation (mutation, recombination), natural selection
Types of natural selection
Gene flow and genetic drift
Hardy-Weinberg principle
Adaptive radiation
Human evolution

Unit 8

Biology and Human Welfare

6.30% weightage

Practice this topic

→Human Health and DiseaseClass 124.61%→Microbes in Human WelfareClass 121.69%

Concepts (6)

Health and disease
Pathogens, parasites causing human diseases: malaria, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm, dengue, chikungunya
Basic concepts of immunology, vaccines
Cancer, HIV and AIDS
Adolescence: drug and alcohol abuse, tobacco abuse
Microbes in human welfare: household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation, biocontrol agents, biofertilizers

Unit 9

Biotechnology and Its Applications

6.76% weightage

Practice this topic

→Biotechnology: Principles and ProcessesClass 125.73%→Biotechnology and its ApplicationsClass 121.03%

Concepts (6)

Principles and process of biotechnology
Genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology)
Applications in health and agriculture: human insulin, vaccine production, gene therapy
Genetically modified organisms, Bt crops
Transgenic animals
Biosafety issues: biopiracy and patents

Unit 10

Ecology and Environment

7.80% weightage

Practice this topic

→Biodiversity and ConservationClass 122.91%→Organisms and PopulationsClass 122.54%→EcosystemClass 122.35%

Concepts (17)

Organisms and Environment: population interactions (mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism)
Population attributes: growth, birth rate, death rate, age distribution
Ecosystem: patterns, components, productivity and decomposition
Energy flow
Pyramids of number, biomass, energy
Biodiversity and Conservation: concept of biodiversity
Patterns, importance, loss of biodiversity
Biodiversity conservation
Hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction
Red Data Book
Biosphere reserves, National parks, sanctuaries, Sacred Groves
Transport in Plants
Mineral Nutrition
Digestion and Absorption
Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
Environmental Issues
Reproduction in Organisms

Frequently Asked Questions

Is the NEET 2027 syllabus the same as 2026?

The NEET UG syllabus was reduced significantly by NMC in 2024 and has been stable since. The 2027 syllabus is expected to remain identical to 2026 unless NMC announces a further revision. This page will update immediately if any change is notified.

How many questions are there in NEET UG 2027?

NEET UG has 200 questions in total, out of which candidates must attempt 180. It is divided into four sections: Physics (45 questions), Chemistry (45), Botany (45), and Zoology (45). Each section allows 10 optional questions out of 15 in Section B.

Which subjects have highest weightage in NEET?

Biology (Botany plus Zoology) carries the highest weightage in NEET at 360 marks (half the total 720), followed by Physics and Chemistry at 180 marks each. Within Biology, Human Physiology, Genetics and Evolution, and Ecology are the highest-weightage chapters.

Which chapters were removed from NEET syllabus in 2024?

The 2024 NEET syllabus revision removed several chapters including: Transport in Plants, Mineral Nutrition, Digestion and Absorption, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, Reproduction in Organisms, and Environmental Issues (Biology). Certain Chemistry chapters like Environmental Chemistry, Solid State, Polymers, and Surface Chemistry were also removed.

Which are the most important chapters for NEET Biology?

Human Physiology contributes the highest to NEET Biology, followed by Genetics and Evolution, Ecology and Environment, and Cell Structure and Function. These four units together account for over 60 percent of the Biology section.

Is NCERT sufficient for NEET Biology?

Yes, NCERT Class 11 and Class 12 Biology textbooks are considered sufficient for NEET Biology. Toppers typically read NCERT 3 to 5 times, focus on line-by-line understanding, and supplement only with a good question bank for practice.