NEET 2022 — Chemistry solution

NEET2022Chemistry

Identify the incorrect statement from the following.

A
All the five 4d orbitals have shapes similar to the respective 3d orbitals.
B
In an atom, all the five 3d orbitals are equal in energy in free state.
C
The shapes of d $_{x y}$ , d $_{y z}$ and d $_{z x}$ orbitals are similar to each other; and d $_{x^{2} - y^{2}}$ and d $_{z^{2}}$ are similar to each other.
D
All the five 5d orbitals are different in size when compared to the respective 4d orbitals

Solution

The five d orbitals split into two families by shape. Three orbitals (d $_{x y}$ , d $_{y z}$ , d $_{z x}$ ) have their lobes lying between the Cartesian axes and have the same generic four-lobed cloverleaf shape.

The remaining two, d $_{x^{2} - y^{2}}$ and d $_{z^{2}}$ , are not similar to each other: d $_{x^{2} - y^{2}}$ has four lobes along the x and y axes, while d $_{z^{2}}$ has two main lobes along the z axis plus a doughnut-shaped ring in the xy plane.

Statement (3) wrongly groups d $_{x^{2} - y^{2}}$ and d $_{z^{2}}$ as similar in shape, so it is incorrect.

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