Cardiac activities of the heart are regulated by:
A. Nodal tissue
B. A special neural centre in the medulla oblongata
C. Adrenal medullary hormones
D. Adrenal cortical hormones
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
- A
A, B and D Only
- B
A, B and C Only
- C
A, B, C and D
- D
A, C and D Only
The heart is myogenic — it is auto-regulated intrinsically by the nodal tissue (SA and AV nodes).
Extrinsically, the cardiac centre in the medulla oblongata modulates the heart via the autonomic nervous system, and adrenal medullary hormones (adrenaline / noradrenaline) further raise cardiac output during stress.
Adrenal cortical hormones do not have a direct, characteristic role in regulating cardiac activity in this context.
A, B and C only.
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