JEE Main 2025 Apr 7 Shift 1, Chemistry Q14: d-Block Elements

In the 3d series, vanadium has the highest enthalpy of atomisation, owing to the maximum number of unpaired d-electrons participating in metallic bonding.

Vanadium exhibits multiple aqueous oxidation states with characteristic colours: V${}^{2+}$ (violet), V${}^{3+}$ (green), VO${}^{2+}$ (blue), VO${}_2^{+}$ (yellow). The green aquated ion is V${}^{3+}$.

The oxide formed by V${}^{3+}$ is V${}_2$O${}_3$. In a transition-metal oxide, lower oxidation states give basic oxides while higher oxidation states give acidic oxides. V${}_2$O${}_3$, with vanadium in the $+3$ state, is basic in character.

$\therefore$ Option (3).