Concentrated HNO${}_3$ oxidizes both the $-$CHO and the terminal $-$CH${}_2$OH of an aldose to $-$COOH, giving an aldaric (saccharic) acid.

The dicarboxylic acid is optically inactive only if it has an internal plane of symmetry — i.e., it is a meso compound.

For a D-aldotetrose Fischer projection (CHO at top, CH${}_2$OH at bottom, two chiral OH groups in between), oxidation to a tetrahedral diacid:

Erythrose (both OH on the right, "H–OH, H–OH"): both ends become $-$COOH; the resulting tartaric-acid-like structure has the two OH groups on the same side, giving a meso-tartaric-acid type with internal symmetry $\Rightarrow$ optically inactive.

Threose (OHs on opposite sides) would give an optically active diacid.

$\therefore$ The aldotetrose is D-erythrose — Fischer projection with both OH groups on the right (option 3).