NEET 2023 — Chemistry solution

NEET2023Chemistry

The stability of Cu $^{2 +}$ is more than Cu $^{+}$ salts in aqueous solution due to:

A
enthalpy of atomization.
B
hydration energy.
C
second ionisation enthalpy.
D
first ionisation enthalpy.

Solution

Going Cu $\to$ Cu $^{+}$ $\to$ Cu $^{2 +}$ costs additional ionisation energy, but in aqueous solution the much larger hydration enthalpy released by the smaller, doubly-charged Cu $^{2 +}$ ion more than compensates for the higher IE $_{2}$ .

Net result: Cu $^{2 +}$ is the thermodynamically stable species in water; Cu $^{+}$ disproportionates to Cu and Cu $^{2 +}$ .

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